A physicist has suggested a middling " out there " idea , attempt to explain a double mystery of where all the antimatter went , and why the macrocosm ’s expansion is speed .
Antimatter is made up of antiparticles , and every particle is think to have an antimatter companion with the polar charge . For object lesson , an electron has a negative rush but its antiparticle , a positron , has a positive charge . When these two mote suffer , they annihilate each other .
One of the many puzzles of antimatter is the continued existence of the macrocosm . In short , we ca n’t really tell why there is much more matter than antimatter . Scientists look both types of particle to be produced during the Big Bang in equal amounts , so why did n’t the creation pretty promptly annihilate itself ? Where is all the antimatter ?
Naman Kumar , Ph.D. scholarly person at the Indian Institute of Technology , has suggested one possibility in a recent paper ; that the universe was born paired with an anti - universe pass backwards in clip .
At first glance , this might voice like a way to make everything much more complicated for no material increase . But the benefit of looking at the population like this , according to Kumar , is that it could explain another secret ; dark vitality .
By measuring the distance of Cepheid variable lead – a " standard taper " that shines with predictable luminosity – astronomers figured out that the universe is inflate , and weirder ; that the expansion seems to be accelerate as of aroundnine billion yearsafter the Big Bang .
We call this force that is driving the expansion " dark Energy Department " , but we do n’t really know what it is yet . account include thatvacuumenergy acts as a repulsive force play to gravitational attraction on large plate , with virtual speck ( or molecule and antiparticles ) come out in and out of creation drive it . However , attempting to calculate how much void muscularity there is shows that it should be a lot diminished than we respect .
Other explanation have involved cosmic drawstring , or an exotic meat known asquintessencewhich permeates spacetime . Or it could be that our understanding of the world , described by general relativity , is incorrect somehow , and there exists a possibility that would explain our observations without require grim vitality .
This problem has led to plenty of barbarian solutions , include some that involve unending expansion and the multiverse . In Kumar ’s piece of work , there are just two existence ( phew ) , and dark-skinned energy is explained by their expanding upon .
" If the universe survive as a universe - antiuniverse pair , then it expands in an accelerated mode , " Kumar wrote in his paper . " The same reasoning can be extended to the anti - universe if we take it to be a half - place defined by area 𝑡 < 0 . "
For the thought to crop , the anti - universe must be tend back in time . While a difficult thing to wrap your head around , it ’s a construct familiar to physicist studying the mathematics of black holes .
" A intimate statement exists in the study of calamitous holes where the horizon area is a nondecreasing function of clock time , which is the famous Hawking area theorem , " Kumar persist in . " It is interesting to mention that Hawking ’s area theorem also requires the Null Energy Condition ( NEC ) to hold . This suggests that the study of causal apparent horizon reveals a deeper reason of the creation . "
In this universe / anti - universe twosome , the leaping would be where time = 0 , and the two universes would be causally disconnect . The anti - universe would be off - bound to anyone who does n’t wish their matter being instantly annihilated , even if we could get at it .
But assuming this were all dependable , Kumar finds that both universe of discourse would expound all by themselves without the need to precede glum vigour . As well as this , it would explain where all the antimatter went ; it is in another universe we ca n’t get to .
It ’s an interesting theme , and , let ’s look it , pretty sport . But sinister vim and dark matter breed all sorts of explanation , and the immense absolute majority ( while they too might be interesting or fun ) are wrong , so do n’t immobilise your hopes on this one just yet . More time , run in the correct direction , and more observations will aid us hone in on the solvent .
The paper is published inGravitation and Cosmology .
