In 1958, the KKK tried to intimidate the Lumbee tribe in Maxton, North Carolina, but they fought back at the Battle of Hayes Pond — and drove the Klan out of town.
State Archives of North CarolinaAt a Klan rally in 1958 , the Lumbee chased off 50 Klansmen .
On Jan. 18 , 1958 , the Battle of Hayes Pond go through 500 members of the Lumbee kin front off against the Ku Klux Klan . The Klan had decide to keep a mass meeting in Maxton , North Carolina . But instead of depict a cheering gang of white-hot supremacists , the Klansmen were rootle straight out of town .
The Klan mean to hold a rally in North Carolina ’s heavily Native American Robeson County in part to recruit new members and in part to restrain the local population . It was being unionise by James William “ Catfish ” Cole , a South Carolina Grand Dragon who want to expand his membership north .
State Archives of North CarolinaAt a Klan rally in 1958, the Lumbee chased off 50 Klansmen.
But when the Lumbee tribe heard about the mass meeting , they assemble rifle , shotguns , ball club , and stones and head for Hayes Pond just outdoors of town , where the Klan had rent a small-scale field of study .
When the dust fall after the Battle of Hayes Pond , the Lumbee had gain ground a resonant victory . By digest up to the Klan , they ended a reign of affright against the Black and autochthonic communities in North Carolina .
The Lumbees Against The Ku Klux Klan
State Archives of North CarolinaKlansmen burning a crossing in Lumberton , North Carolina , days before the Battle of Hayes Pond .
In the fifties , Robeson County , North Carolina , was adividedcommunity . Edward Douglas White Jr. made up the largest racial grouping , with just over 40 percent of the universe . Native Americans from the Lumbee Tribe represent a third of the population , with Black Americans making up about a quarter .
In an geological era of sequestration , barriers divided all three . Whites decide that Native Americans devolve into the “ colored ” family with Black Americans . Robeson County town had three disjoined shoal system , three movie field of operations , and three drinking fountains .
State Archives of North CarolinaKlansmen burning a cross in Lumberton, North Carolina, days before the Battle of Hayes Pond.
Racial tenseness flared in North Carolina when the federal administration ordered the desegregation of public school in 1954 . In reply , the Ku Klux Klan swelled in members and began terrify Black and autochthonous residential district .
In 1957 , South Carolina ’s Klan leader , Grand Dragon James William “ Catfish ” Cole , unionise an attack target a opprobrious doctor in Monroe , North Carolina . But the NAACP shew up and dog off the Klan .
East Carolina University LibraryJames “ Catfish ” Cole ship out throwaway before the Klan rally in Maxton , North Carolina .
East Carolina University LibraryJames “Catfish” Cole sending out flyers before the Klan rally in Maxton, North Carolina.
Next , Cole moved on to Robeson County . On Jan. 13 , 1958 , the KKK burned a cross outside a Lumbee adult female ’s house after rumors swirled that she was dating a white man . The Klan also burned a hybridization on the lawn of a Lumbee menage that lived in a white region .
Dean Chavers , who originate up in Robeson County , remembers , “ Catfish Cole had been stress to intimidate Indians by bringing caravans of motorcar through the county . There would be seven or eight of them , cruising through Maxton , Saint Pauls , and Red Springs right after darkness on a Saturday . ”
As part of its campaign to terrorize Black and Indigenous citizens , the Klan next organized a mass meeting in Maxton . Cole sent out flier with the date and time . newspaper reported the rally . And the Lumbee decided to show up to face down the Klan .
State Archives of North CarolinaKlansmen clash with members of the Lumbee Tribe at the Battle of Hayes Pond.
The Battle Of Hayes Pond
Less than a workweek after the cross burnings , the Klan apply its rally in Maxton , North Carolina . But more than 500 Lumbee man and women also showed up .
State Archives of North CarolinaKlansmen collide with extremity of the Lumbee Tribe at the Battle of Hayes Pond .
Simeon Oxendine and Sanford Locklear organized the Lumbee resistance . Oxendine , the boy of the first Lumbee city manager of nearby Pembroke , was a World War II ex-serviceman who served as a cannoneer on 25 missions over Germany .
MPI/Getty ImagesCharlie Warriax and Simeon Oxendine with a captured Ku Klux Klan banner after the Battle of Hayes Pond. This photo was published inLIFEmagazine.
Verdia Locklear was at the Battle of Hayes Pond . Four months fraught , she said that as before long as the newspapers denote the Klan rallying , the Lumbee were ready .
“ Be sure you start out your shooting iron , and if you do n’t have a side arm , carry your rifle , ” Locklear recalls see . “ So I had both . ”
The Lumbees tell the Klan to leave town . When the Klansmen resisted , someone pullulate out the only lightbulb in the field . Terrified , the Klansmen fired their guns blindly into the dark .
With only around 50 Klansmen , the KKK was mischievously outnumber . So they dropped their banners and run . Some Klansmen abandoned their wife and children to protect themselves . Others hid in their cars , which became targets of the Lumbees .
“ Those boys were scared , ” said Dean Chavers . “ One or two of them ran their car into ditches and had to be rend out . They went unravel back to South Carolina and have not been back since . ”
The Battle of Hayes Pond had succeeded . Without a single end and only a handful of minor injuries , the Lumbee had dog the Klan out of Robeson County .
Oxendine and another Lumbee man named Charles Warriax proudly held up the abandoned KKK streamer for public press photographers . The Battle of Hayes Pond was about to become a national news storey .
The Legacy Of The Battle of Hayes Pond
Within days of the Battle of Hayes Pond , the press circularize the tale across the rural area . The Rocky Mountain Telegramcarried an article under the headline “ Armed Indians go bad Up Klan ’s Rally . ”
MPI / Getty ImagesCharlie Warriax and Simeon Oxendine with a captured Ku Klux Klan streamer after the Battle of Hayes Pond . This photo was published inLIFEmagazine .
Lifemagazine published an article with pictures of the encounter titled “ Bad Medicine for the Klan , ” which included two picture of Oxendine and Warriax jokingly draped in a KKK flag that they steal from the rallying organizers .
And folk vocalist Malvina Reynoldsmockedthe Klan in her Sung , “ The Ballad of Maxton Field . ” Her Jewish family had been direct direct by the Klan , which assay to kidnap them in the thirties .
In her folksy verses , Malvina anticipate that history would remember the Battle of Hayes Pond as the day “ when many a Klansman left the subject with buckshot in his drawers . ”
The mayor of Maxton call on the federal government to step in before the Battle of Hayes Pond . In the aftermath , North Carolina ’s regulator stepped up to denounce the Klan . And constabulary arrested Catfish Cole for inciting a riot . He was sentence to a year and a one-half in pokey .
More significantly , the Klan attacks against the Lumbees stopped . As Vernia Locklear explained , “ If we would n’t have gone , they would have come back . ” So the Lumbee stood up to the Klan and chased them out of Robeson County .
The fight had a durable legacy . year afterwards , a judge stepped in to halt a Klan rally , using the Battle of Hayes Pond as proof that the Klan incited fierceness .
The Battle of Hayes Pond had another authoritative impact in Robeson County . Standing up to the Klan brought together the Native American and Black communities . It also drew a clear line between whites who supported their Black and Indigenous neighbors and those who did not .
The Lumbees could not single - handedly take down the intact Klan . But they made sure Klansmen knew to stay out of Robeson County .
After reading about the Battle of Hayes Pond , discover the true narration of Ron Stallworth , the undercover Black copper who joined the Klan and cheer Spike Lee’sBlacKkKlansman . Then read about the timeMr . Rogers process the KKK and pull ahead .
